Advisory Details

November 13th, 2025

Apple Safari JavaScriptCore DFG CSE Phase Graph Node Substitution Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ZDI-25-1010
ZDI-CAN-27991

CVE ID CVE-2025-43457
CVSS SCORE 8.8, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
AFFECTED VENDORS Apple
AFFECTED PRODUCTS Safari
VULNERABILITY DETAILS

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Apple Safari. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the handling of graph node substitution in the DFG CSE phase of JavaScriptCore. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the browser process.

ADDITIONAL DETAILS Apple has issued an update to correct this vulnerability. More details can be found at:
https://support.apple.com/en-ca/125640
DISCLOSURE TIMELINE
  • 2025-08-26 - Vulnerability reported to vendor
  • 2025-11-13 - Coordinated public release of advisory
  • 2025-11-13 - Advisory Updated
CREDIT Hossein Lotfi (@hosselot) of Trend Zero Day Initiative
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