(Pwn2Own) QNAP QHora-322 system.db Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

July 31st, 2025
ZDI-25-748 ZDI-CAN-25657

CVE ID

CVSS Score

8.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected Vendors

QNAP

Affected Products

QHora-322

Vulnerability Details

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of QNAP QHora-322 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the storage of credentials. The issue results from the use of a hard-coded cryptographic key. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to bypass authentication on the system.

Additional Details

QNAP has issued an update to correct this vulnerability. More details can be found at:
https://www.qnap.com/en-us/security-advisories

Disclosure Timeline

  • 2024-12-02 - Vulnerability reported to vendor
  • 2025-07-31 - Coordinated public release of advisory
  • 2025-07-31 - Advisory Updated

Credit

Benjamin Walny, Neodyme AG

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